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| 1858 |
| | | An Irish branch of the US Fenians is established as the Irish Republican Brotherhood | |
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| 1859 |
| | | John Brown is captured leading a group of abolitionists to seize arms from the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry | |
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| 1859 |
| | | Abolitionst John Brown is convicted of treason at Harper's Ferry and is hanged | |
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| 1860 |
| | | Garibaldi lands at Marsala in Sicily in May with his thousand Redshirts, and wins control of the island for the king in waiting, Victor Emmanuel II | |
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| 1860 |
| | | Garibaldi crosses from Sicily to the mainland and by September is in Naples | |
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| 1860 |
| | | South Carolina becomes the first southern state to secede from the Union in response to Lincoln's election | |
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| 1861 |
| | | Seven southern states, meeting in Montgomery, Alabama, agree to form the Confederate States of America | |
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| 1861 |
| | | The seven members of the newly formed Condederacy elect Jefferson Davis as their provisional president | |
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| 1861 |
| | | Richmond, the state capital of Virginia, becomes the capital of the Southern Confederacy | |
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| 1861 |
| | | Shots are fired against the Federal military garrison in Fort Sumter, in Charleston harbour, launching the American Civil War | |
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